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| Yes Virginia, there is
a Santa Claus!
Letter to the editor of The New York Sun, 1897
Dear Editor---
Virginia,
Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know
that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy. Alas! How dreary would be the world if there were
no Santa Claus! It would be as dreary as if there were no Virginias. There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry,
no romance to make tolerable this existence. We should have no enjoyment, except in sense and sight. The eternal light
with which childhood fills the world would be extinguished.
Not believe in Santa Claus! You might as well not believe in fairies. You might get your papa to have men to watch in
all the chimneys on Christmas Eve to catch Santa Claus, but even if you did not see Santa Claus coming down, what
would that prove? Nobody sees Santa Claus, but that is no sign that there is no Santa Claus. The most real things in
the world are those that neither children nor men can see. Did you ever see fairies dancing on the lawn? Of course not,
but that's no proof that they are not there. Nobody can conceive or imagine all the wonders that are unseen and
unseeable in the world.
You tear apart the baby's rattle and see what makes the noise inside, but there is a veil covering the unseen world
which the strongest men, nor even the united strength of all the strongest men that ever lived could tear apart. Only
faith, poetry, love, romance, can push aside that curtain and view and picture the supernatural beauty and glory beyond.
Is it all real? Ah, Virginia, in all this world there is nothing else real and abiding.
No Santa Claus!? Thank God! He lives and lives forever. A thousand years from now, Virginia, nay 10 times
10,000 years from now, he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood. |
a.k.a. A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore
'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house
The children were nestled all snug in their beds,
When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,
The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow,
More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,
As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,
As I drew in my hand, and was turning around,
His eyes -- how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!
He had a broad face and a little round belly,
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work, |
by Horatio Alger
In the far-off Polar seas,
Solid walls of massive ice,
Here St. Nick, in royal state,
Here are whistles, tops and toys,
In the court the reindeer wait;
Like an arrow from the bow
Built upon a hill-side steep
Five small stockings hang below;
Santa Claus! Good Christmas saint,
Can you not some crumbs bestow |
| Excerpts from
Joy to the World - Victorian Christmas by Cynthia Hart, John Grossman and Priscilla Dunhill.
The English gave us wassail and holly and Father Christmas; the Germans, kugels and Christmas trees; the
Norsemen, mistletoe and the Yule log. But American Victorians gave us Santa Claus, chubby-cheeked, jolly and
red-suited, a uniquely American folk creature of goodwill and prosperity.
While Santas in the guise of Father Christmas, Pere Noel, Kriss Kringle and St. Nicholas have been trudging
over the globe for many centuries, there is not a scrap of historical evidence that any of them ever really
existed. These mythical Santas have survived because theirs is a legend so magical, and so bewitching, that
time has given them the power of truth.
Our Santa's legendary antecedent came from the frozen wastelands of the Vikings and Visigoths, where he took
the form of the Norse god Odin, a tall, truculent-looking fellow with a long, flowing beard. His elfin helpers were
clad in tattered browns and greens - a perfect camouflage in the impenetrable Nordic forests, thick with trees and
evil spirits. Odin's direct descendant was the English Father Christmas, gaunt, wearing a brown hooded cape,
which in later years was colored green or black or blue. Crowned with sprigs of holly, Father Christmas upon
occasion got roaring drunk as he traveled about the countryside on foot or astride a white goat, stopping off at
lodges and cottages to deliver gifts or share his wassail bowl filled with Christmas spirits.
In Germany the hooded cape of Father Christmas turned into a necessity for Pelz Nichol (which, in German,
literally means "Santa in Fur") on his rounds in the harsher winters of northern Europe. (Kriss Kringle, the
German name for Santa, is an eighteenth-century Americanization of Chritkindl, or Christ Child.)
In the Lowlands, that seabound part of Eupose which is now the Netherlands and Belgium, St. Nicholas, as
patron saint of seafarers, was garbed in the sumptuous bishop's robes of his privileged, religious station. It
took Victorian America to remove his mitred hat, to give him a red suit and provide him with Donder, Dasher,
Prancer and Vixen to scale the rooftops. By the turn of the century, our Santa was riding around in a Pierce Arrow
on a wave of Victorian prosperity, commandeering dirigibles or crashing onto the mooon in a flying machine.
Some Santas still pulled a sleigh with an angel or a shimmering, shivering Christ Child as passenger. But
Santa mixed with religious figures generally made Victorians uneasy.
By the 1890's, Santa was operating a workshop of elves out of the North Pole, joined in 1899 by Mrs. Claus, a
sturdy, submissive creature invented by Katharine Lee Bates, who also wrote the poem America the Beautiful. S
Santa and his helpers adorned Christmas cards, posters, calendars, gun holsters and cereal boxes. They
befriended the downtrodden and poor in spirit and were hung in joyous effigy from door-jambs, chandeliers
and tree branches. Sometimes Santa curled up with a snifter of brandy, sometimes with kittens, sometimes
with cherubic children or Mother Goose characters.
Three Victorians molded Santa into his present image of jolly gift-giver. Washington Irving, in his History of
New York, described a jovial St. Nicholas who was carved into the prow of a boat coming to the New World.
In Nieuw Amsterdam, the good St. Nick commandeers a wagon and flies over the snowy Hudson Valley on St.
Nicholas Day, dropping gifts down chimneys to his favorites. (St. Nicholas did indeed arrive in the New World
in the 1620s, but after 1700 no mention is made of him in New Amsterdam, now New York. Like Rip VanWinkle,
he slumbered for 100 years until Irving awakened him.)
The second creator of the Victorian Santa was the prosperous gentleman farmer and poet Clement C. Moore, who
wrote "The Night Before Christmas." Moore lived with his beloved wife, Elizabeth, and their nine children in a
big, comfortable Georgian manor house he had inherited on 96 acres in Manhattan, in an area called Chelsea.
Early one Christmas Eve, in his carriage en route to Washington Market to purchase a turkey, he began composing
a Christmas poem for his six-year-old daughter, Charity. Back home in his study, he consulted Irving's History
and finished the poem in three hours. That night, at supper, he read it aloud to his family. "The Night Before
Christmas" was an instant hit, first with Charity's Sunday School class, then with the readers of the Troy (New
York) Sentinel, which published the poem the following Christmas in 1823.
Forty years later, the political cartoonist Thomas Nast immortalized Moore's Santa with his classic drawing of a
Santa so "chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf" that "I laughed when I saw him in spite of myself." As
cartoonist for the influential illustrated Harper's Weekly, for each Christmas issue he drew a Santa, which he
claimed was a welcome relief from the relentless pressure of political cartooning. Printed in magazines, on
calendars, posters and greeting cards, Nast's Santa has changed little over the years. Always with a sprig of
holly tucked into his furred red cap, a black belt strapped around his four-foot girth, he beams perpetual jolliness
to the world - sometimes from a Civil War battlefield, sometimes from a chimney top, or sometimes
bending over cherubic children with visions of you-know-what dancing in their heads. |
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